Improvement in Food Resources

What are macronutrients and micronutrients in plants? Give two examples of each.

What is green manure? How is it prepared, and what are its benefits to crop plants?

What is apiculture? Mention three desirable qualities of the Italian bee variety (Apis mellifera) useful in commercial bee-farming.

Out of the 13 nutrients supplied by soil to plants, ___ are required in large quantities and are called macro-nutrients.

Sunn hemp or guar grown and mulched into the soil before sowing crop seeds acts as ___.

Poultry birds raised specifically for meat production are called ___.

Xanthium and Parthenium are common examples of ___ that compete with crops for nutrients and space.

Compost prepared by using earthworms to hasten the process of decomposition is called ___.

Crops grown during the rainy season from June to October are known as ___ crops.

Crops grown during the winter season from November to April are known as ___ crops.

Differentiate between manures and fertilizers based on their origin, nutrients provided, effect on soil structure, and long-term environmental impacts.

What is intercropping? How does it differ from mixed cropping? Mention one crop combination suitable for intercropping and list two distinct advantages of this farming practice.

Differentiate between Broilers and Layers in poultry farming with respect to their primary purpose, housing conditions, and dietary requirements.

Explain the differences between Capture Fishing, Mariculture, and Aquaculture. Why is the shift towards mariculture and aquaculture essential for meeting global fish demands?

A dairy farm maintains 8 cows. Each cow requires 20 kg of roughage (green fodder) and 5 kg of concentrate feed mix daily for optimal health and milk production. \nCalculate: (a) The total daily requirement of roughage and concentrate feed for the entire herd of 8 cows. (b) The total weight of feed (roughage + concentrate) required to feed the herd for a standard week of 7 days.

What are weeds? Give two common examples of weeds found in crop fields. Describe three preventive and control measures used to manage weed growth and protect crop yield.

A farmer owns a rectangular agricultural land measuring 250 metres in length and 200 metres in width. For cultivating a high-yielding cereal crop, the recommended application rate of Urea fertilizer is 120 kg per hectare ($1\text{ hectare} = 10,000\text{ m}^2$). \nCalculate: (a) The total area of the field in hectares. (b) The total mass of Urea fertilizer required for the entire agricultural field.

Explain the three main cropping patterns used in crop production management: Mixed Cropping, Intercropping, and Crop Rotation.

1. Define each cropping pattern with suitable examples.
2. Outline the major differences between Intercropping and Mixed Cropping.
3. Explain how Crop Rotation helps in maintaining soil fertility and controlling agricultural pests.

Answer the following numerical problem in Part A and detailed theoretical question in Part B regarding Cattle Farming:

Part A (Numerical):\nA dairy farmer maintains a herd of $20$ lactating cows. Each cow requires $15\text{ kg}$ of roughage and $5\text{ kg}$ of concentrate feed daily. The concentrate mixture costs ₹$28$ per kg, while roughage costs ₹$6$ per kg.

1. Calculate the total daily mass (in kg) of roughage and concentrate required for the entire herd.
2. Calculate the total daily feed cost (in ₹) for the entire herd.

Part B (Theoretical):\nWrite a comprehensive note on Cattle Farming addressing the following:

1. Differentiate between Exotic (Foreign) breeds and Indigenous (Local) breeds of cattle based on lactation period and disease resistance, giving suitable examples of each.
2. Explain the objective and benefits of cross-breeding indigenous and exotic breeds.
3. Discuss the food and nutritional requirements of dairy animals, clearly distinguishing between roughage and concentrates.

Explain the concept of Composite Fish Culture System in detail by addressing the following key aspects:

1. Define Composite Fish Culture and state the underlying principle of using multiple fish species in a single pond.
2. Name five distinct fish species commonly reared together in this system, specifying the exact feeding zone (niche) of each species within the pond environment.
3. State three major advantages of practicing Composite Fish Culture.
4. Identify the primary operational problem/limitation associated with composite fish culture and explain how modern aquaculture overcomes this issue.

Answer the following comprehensive questions regarding Cropping Patterns used in modern sustainable agriculture:

1. Define and explain the concepts of Mixed Cropping, Inter-cropping, and Crop Rotation.
2. State the key criteria used for selecting crop combinations in Inter-cropping and crop sequences in Crop Rotation.
3. List four distinct advantages of practicing Inter-cropping over traditional Mixed Cropping.
4. Explain how Crop Rotation helps in restoring soil fertility and suppressing agricultural pests and diseases naturally.

What is hybridization in crops? Mention its three main types based on parental relationships.

Differentiate clearly between Macronutrients and Micronutrients required by plants.

Define Manure and state two main advantages of using manure in crop fields.

Explain two major differences between Manures and Chemical Fertilizers.

What is Mixed Cropping? State the primary objective of practicing mixed cropping.

Define Intercropping and state one advantage it has over mixed cropping.

What is Crop Rotation? How does it help in natural soil fertility restoration?

Mention three Biotic factors and three Abiotic factors responsible for loss of crop yields.

What are Weeds? Give two examples and mention why their removal is necessary from crop fields.

Distinguish between Milch animals and Draught animals in cattle farming with examples.

State the main objective of cross-breeding programs between Indian and Exotic breeds of cattle. Give one example of each.

What is green manure? How is it prepared and how does it enrich the agricultural soil?

What is composite fish culture? State one major advantage and one key problem associated with this system.

What is crop rotation? Explain its main advantages in maintaining soil fertility and crop productivity.

What are macro-nutrients and micro-nutrients in plant nutrition? Name two examples of each.

What is crop rotation? Mention two key benefits of practicing crop rotation in agricultural fields.

Define mariculture and name any two economically important marine organisms cultured under mariculture in India.

Define hybridization in crop plant improvement and briefly explain its three types based on taxonomic relationships.

List the biotic and abiotic factors that cause losses during stored grain management and state two prevention methods.

Explain the difference between milch animals and draught animals in cattle farming, giving suitable examples of each.

What are weeds? Name two common agricultural weeds and explain two methods used for controlling weed growth in fields.

What is green manure? How does it help in enriching the soil with nutrients?

Define intercropping and state one major advantage of this cropping pattern.

Distinguish between macro-nutrients and micro-nutrients required by plants, with examples.

What is composite fish culture system? Mention one key advantage of this method.

What is green manure, and how does it help in improving soil fertility?

Define hybridization in crop variety improvement and state its main types based on crossing.

What are macro-nutrients and micro-nutrients required by plants? Give two examples of each.

What are weeds? Name any two common weeds and explain why their removal from crop fields is necessary.