Question 1

What are reducing and non-reducing sugars? Give one example of each.

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates that contain a free aldehyde or ketone group and can reduce Fehling's solution and Tollen's reagent are called reducing sugars. Examples include glucose, fructose, and maltose. On the other hand, carbohydrates in which the reducing groups (aldehyde or ketone) are bonded and not free ca

Question 2

Explain the term 'Zwitterion' with a suitable example of an amino acid.

Accepted Answer

In an aqueous solution, a neutral amino acid molecule contains both a basic amino group (-NH2) and an acidic carboxyl group (-COOH). The carboxyl group loses a proton while the amino group accepts it, resulting in the formation of a dipolar ion containing both positive and negative charges. This dip

Question 3

State any two differences between globular proteins and fibrous proteins.

Accepted Answer

Fibrous proteins consist of polypeptide chains running parallel and held together by hydrogen and disulfide bonds, forming fiber-like structures; they are insoluble in water (e.g., keratin, myosin). In contrast, globular proteins feature polypeptide chains folded into spherical shapes due to interna

Question 4

What is meant by the denaturation of proteins? Give one example.

Accepted Answer

Denaturation of proteins refers to the process where a protein loses its native three-dimensional tertiary and secondary structures due to physical changes like heating or chemical changes like pH alterations. During denaturation, hydrogen bonds are disrupted, uncoiling the polypeptide chains, thoug

Question 5

Mention two important structural differences between DNA and RNA.

Accepted Answer

Firstly, the sugar molecule present in DNA is 2-deoxy-D-ribose, whereas RNA contains D-ribose sugar. Secondly, DNA contains the pyrimidine nitrogenous base thymine along with adenine, guanine, and cytosine, while RNA contains uracil instead of thymine. Additionally, DNA usually has a double-stranded

Biomolecules