Question 1

Which social groups emerged in Europe after the Industrial Revolution?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is Industrialists, working class, and professionals. Following the Industrial Revolution, new cities came into existence and new industrial regions developed, along with railways and the expansion of factories, which led to the rise of new social groups comprising industrial owner

Question 2

What was the primary belief of the Liberals in 19th-century Europe?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is They wanted a nation which tolerated all religions. Liberals also opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers, argued for representative, elected parliamentary government, and supported the protection of rights of individuals against governments.

Question 3

How did Radicals differ from Liberals in Europe?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is They wanted a government based on the majority of a country's population. Unlike liberals, radicals also supported women's suffragette movements and opposed the privileges of great landowners and wealthy factory owners.

Question 4

What was the stance of Conservatives in the 18th and early 19th centuries?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is They opposed radicals and liberals, believing that the past had to be respected and change had to be brought about through a slow process. However, by the nineteenth century, they accepted that some change was inevitable.

Question 5

Who was Robert Owen, a leading English manufacturer, associated with?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is Building a cooperative community called New Harmony in Indiana (USA). He believed that cooperatives could not be built on a wide scale unless the government encouraged them.

Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution — NCERT Class 9 Social Science Important Questions & Revision Notes