Quick Revision Notes & Formula Sheet

Class: 8th
Subject: Social Science (Geography)
Chapter: Resources (संसाधन)

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1. Important Definitions (महत्वपूर्ण परिभाषाएँ)

• Resource (संसाधन): Anything that can be used to satisfy a need is a resource. In other words, utility or usability is what makes an object or substance a resource.
• Utility (उपयोगिता): The usability or serviceability of an object or substance that makes it a resource.
• Value (मूल्य): Worth. Some resources have economic value, some do not, but both are important and satisfy human needs.
• Patent (पेटेंट): It means the exclusive right over any idea or invention.
• Technology (प्रौद्योगिकी): The application of latest knowledge and skill in doing or making things.
• Sustainable Development (सतत पोषणीय विकास): Balancing the need to use resources and also conserve them for the future.
• Resource Conservation (संसाधन संरक्षण): Using resources carefully and giving them time to get renewed.

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2. Classification of Resources (संसाधन के प्रकार)

Resources are generally classified into three main types:

A. Natural Resources (प्राकृतिक संसाधन)

Resources that are drawn from Nature and used without much modification.

• Based on Origin (उत्पत्ति के आधार पर):
  • Biotic (जैविक): Living resources (e.g., plants, animals, human beings).
  • Abiotic (अजैविक): Non-living resources (e.g., rocks, minerals, soil).
• Based on Stage of Development (विकास के स्तर के आधार पर):
  • Actual Resources (वास्तविक संसाधन): Whose quantity is known and being used currently (e.g., Coal in Ruhr region of Germany).
  • Potential Resources (संभाव्य संसाधन): Whose entire quantity may not be known and could be used in the future (e.g., Uranium in Ladakh).
• Based on Renewability (नवीकरणीयता के आधार पर):
  • Renewable Resources (नवीकरणीय संसाधन): Get renewed or replenished quickly (e.g., solar and wind energy).
  • Non-Renewable Resources (अनवीकरणीय संसाधन): Have a limited stock; take thousands of years to renew (e.g., coal, petroleum, natural gas).
• Based on Distribution (वितरण के आधार पर):
  • Ubiquitous (सर्वव्यापक): Found everywhere (e.g., air we breathe).
  • Localized (स्थानिक): Found only in certain places (e.g., copper, iron ore).

B. Human Made Resources (मानव निर्मित संसाधन)

When natural substances are changed into usable resources by human intervention (e.g., roads, machinery, buildings, bridges, technology).

C. Human Resources (मानव संसाधन)

People/humans who make the best use of nature to create more resources by using their knowledge, skill, and technology.

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3. Key Concepts & Principles (मुख्य अवधारणाएँ और सिद्धांत)

Human Resource Development (मानव संसाधन विकास)

Improving the quality of people's skills so that they are able to create more resources.

Principles of Sustainable Development (सतत विकास के सिद्धांत)

1. Respect and care for all forms of life.
2. Improve the quality of human life.
3. Conserve the earth’s vitality and diversity.
4. Minimize the depletion of natural resources.
5. Change personal attitude and practices toward the environment.
6. Enable communities to care for their own environment.

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4. Quick Memory Tips for Exams (परीक्षा के लिए त्वरित युक्तियाँ)

• Time and Technology are two important factors that can change substances into resources.
• Examples of Abiotic Resources: Land, Water, Rocks, Minerals.
• Examples of Biotic Resources: Forests, Wildlife, Fisheries.
• The Golden Rule of Resource Use: Balance the use of resources so that we meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.