Question 1

Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the adenohypophysis?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin is not secreted by the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary). Instead, it is synthesized by the hypothalamus and stored and released by the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary). Growth hormone, prolactin, and luteinizing hormone are all secreted by the adenohypophysis.

Question 2

Name the gland that secretes melatonin, which regulates the 24-hour diurnal rhythm of our body.

Accepted Answer

The pineal gland is located on the dorsal side of the forebrain and secretes melatonin. Melatonin plays a very important regulation role in a 24-hour (diurnal) rhythm of our body, such as the sleep-wake cycle and body temperature.

Question 3

Hypothyroidism during pregnancy causes defective development and maturation of a growing baby leading to:

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism during pregnancy can cause defective development and maturation of the growing baby leading to cretinism, which is characterized by stunted growth, mental retardation, low intelligence quotient, abnormal skin, deaf-mutism, etc.

Question 4

Graves' disease is caused due to:

Accepted Answer

Graves' disease or exophthalmic goitre is a form of hyperthyroidism characterized by enlargement of the thyroid gland, increased basal metabolic rate, weight loss, nervousness, and protrusion of the eyeballs (exophthalmos).

Question 5

Which of the following minerals is essential for the normal rate of hormone synthesis in the thyroid?

Accepted Answer

Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones (thyroxine/tetraiodothyronine and triiodothyronine). Deficiency of iodine in our diet results in hypothyroidism and leading to a disease called goitre.

Chemical Coordination and Integration