Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly involve community participation?
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Question

Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly involve community participation?

Accepted Answer

Demarcation of wildlife sanctuaries is primarily a government-led initiative under the Wildlife Protection Act, where local communities are often restricted or excluded, unlike Joint Forest Management, Chipko movement, or Beej Bachao Andolan which rely heavily on community involvement.

Geography: Forest and Wildlife Resources

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