Executive Mind Map

ЁЯПл MP BoardClass 11Political Science
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Visual Mind Map & Concept Tree (English)

Structured concept hierarchy, subtopic relationships, and exam revision tree.

Chapter: Executive

  • Introduction

    • Meaning of Executive
    • Branch responsible for implementing laws and policies
    • Part of government alongside Legislature and Judiciary

  • Types of Executive

    • Parliamentary System
      • Executive is a part of the legislature
      • Dual executive: Head of State (nominal) and Head of Government (real)
      • Examples: India, UK, Germany
    • Presidential System
      • Executive is independent of the legislature
      • Single executive: President is both Head of State and Government
      • Examples: USA, Brazil, Sri Lanka
    • Semi-Presidential System
      • Mix of both systems
      • President (Head of State) and Prime Minister (Head of Government)
      • Examples: France, Sri Lanka (recent past)

  • Parliamentary Executive in India

    • Constitutional Framework
      • Article 74 & 75
      • President at the apex
      • Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister
    • The President of India
      • Nominal/Constitutional head of the state
      • Indirectly elected by an Electoral College
      • Term: 5 years
      • Powers: Executive, Legislative, Financial, Judicial, and Emergency Powers
      • Impeachment procedure (Article 61)
    • The Prime Minister and Council of Ministers
      • Real executive power
      • PM appointed by the President (leader of the majority party in Lok Sabha)
      • Ministers chosen by PM
      • Collective Responsibility to the Lok Sabha (Article 75(3))

  • Permanent Executive (Bureaucracy)

    • Definition
      • Trained, salaried administrative officers
      • Implements government policies
    • Composition
      • All-India Services (IAS, IPS)
      • State Services
      • Technical and ministerial staff
    • Role and Significance
      • Continuity in administration
      • Expertise and professional advice
      • Neutrality (political neutrality)

  • Power and Functions of the Executive

    • Law Implementation
    • Policy Making (Initiating bills)
    • Financial Management (Budget execution)
    • Foreign Policy and Diplomacy
    • Defense and National Security

  • Control Over the Executive

    • Parliamentary Control
      • Question Hour and Zero Hour
      • Debates and Motions (No-Confidence Motion)
      • Control over budget
    • Judicial Control
      • Judicial Review of executive actions
      • Checking ultra vires (beyond powers) actions
    • Public and Media Scrutiny