Electromagnetic Waves

$\oint \vec{B} \cdot d\vec{l} = \mu_0 i_c$

$\oint \vec{B} \cdot d\vec{l} = \mu_0 i_c + \mu_0 \varepsilon_0 \frac{d\Phi_E}{dt}$

$\oint \vec{B} \cdot d\vec{l} = \varepsilon_0 \frac{d\Phi_E}{dt}$

$\oint \vec{E} \cdot d\vec{l} = -\frac{d\Phi_B}{dt}$

A stationary charge

A charge moving with a uniform velocity

An accelerated charge

A neutral particle at rest

$c = \sqrt{\mu_0 \varepsilon_0}$

$c = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\mu_0 \varepsilon_0}}$

$c = \frac{\mu_0}{\varepsilon_0}$

$c = \sqrt{\frac{\mu_0}{\varepsilon_0}}$

Ultraviolet rays

Gamma rays

X-rays

Microwaves

Zero

$1/c$

$c$

$c^2$

Ultraviolet rays

Infrared waves

Microwaves

X-rays

Electric field is constant

Electric field changes with time

Magnetic field is constant

No magnetic field exists

Infrared rays

Gamma rays

Radio waves

Visible light

Electric field vector $\vec{E}$

Magnetic field vector $\vec{B}$

$\vec{E} \times \vec{B}$

Opposite to $\vec{E} \times \vec{B}$

Infrared rays

Ultraviolet rays

X-rays

Radio waves