Principles of Inheritance and Variation

In a certain plant species, red flower color (R) is dominant over white flower color (r). If a homozygous red-flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous white-flowered plant, what will be the genotype and phenotype of the F1 generation? Further, if plants of the F1 generation are self-pollinated, calculate the expected phenotypic and genotypic ratios in the F2 generation using a Punnett square.

Explain Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment with the help of a dihybrid cross. Also, write down the phenotypic and genotypic ratios obtained in the F2 generation.

What are chromosomal disorders? Explain Down's syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome, and Turner's syndrome with their causes and characteristic symptoms.