Question 1

Who is known as the father of genetics?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Johann Mendel is known as the father of genetics. He performed pioneering hybridization experiments on garden peas (Pisum sativum) and formulated the fundamental laws of inheritance.

Question 2

Which plant was selected by Mendel for his experiments on heredity?

Accepted Answer

Mendel selected the garden pea plant, scientifically known as Pisum sativum, because of its distinct contrasting characters, short life cycle, and ease of artificial pollination.

Question 3

What is the phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

The phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a classic Mendelian monohybrid cross is 3:1, representing three dominant individuals to one recessive individual.

Question 4

How many pairs of contrasting characters in garden peas were studied by Mendel?

Accepted Answer

Mendel studied 7 pairs of contrasting characters in garden peas, which included traits such as plant height, seed shape, seed color, flower color, flower position, pod shape, and pod color.

Question 5

Which of the following determines the sex of a human child?

Accepted Answer

The sex of a human child is determined by the sex chromosome contributed by the male gamete (sperm). A sperm carrying an X chromosome produces a girl, while a sperm carrying a Y chromosome produces a boy.

Heredity and Evolution — CBSE Class 10 Science Important Questions & Revision Notes