Election and Representation

Proportional Representation System

First Past the Post System

List System

Cumulative Vote System

18 years

21 years

25 years

35 years

President of India

Supreme Court of India

Election Commission of India

Parliament

Article 320

Article 324

Article 356

Article 370

It gives exact proportional representation to parties.

It is simple to understand and ensures a clear majority.

Minority parties always get maximum seats.

It eliminates the role of political parties.

India

United Kingdom

Israel

United States

Prime Minister

President of India

Chief Justice of India

Parliament

Limited Suffrage

Property-based Suffrage

Universal Adult Franchise

Educational Suffrage

Economic status

Population proportion of SCs and STs

Educational backwardness

Geographical area

Planning Commission

Delimitation Commission

Election Commission

Finance Commission

Only rich people can vote.

All adult citizens can vote regardless of caste, religion, or gender.

Only literate citizens can vote.

Only men can vote.

Proportional Representation System

First Past the Post System

List System

Mixed Member System

5 years

6 years or up to 65 years of age

4 years

During the pleasure of the President

By the Prime Minister anytime

By the President without any reason

By Parliament through a special majority (impeachment)

By the Supreme Court

42nd Amendment

44th Amendment

61st Amendment

73rd Amendment

It is very complex and scientific.

It is simple to understand and ensures stable governance.

It eliminates all forms of corruption.

It requires no government machinery.

Voters of a community elect representatives of all communities.

Voters of a specific community elect their own representative exclusively.

Reserved constituencies for women.

Voting rights given only to taxpayers.

To frame laws for the election.

To conduct elections and count votes in a constituency.

To campaign for political parties.

To fund political candidates.

An independent Election Commission

Direct control of the ruling party over elections

Appointment of ministers as election officers

Absence of any code of conduct

A constituency where only women can vote.

A constituency reserved for candidates from specific marginalized groups like SCs and STs.

A constituency where voting is optional.

A constituency where the Prime Minister stands.