MP Board · Class 9 · Science · TissuesCompare complex permanent tissues Xylem and Phloem based on their constituent cells, direction of transport, and main functions.

Xylem and Phloem are complex permanent conductive tissues essential for transport in vascular plants:

1. Xylem:

   • Constituent Cells: Consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma, and xylem fibres. Except for xylem parenchyma, all components are dead cells.
   • Direction of Transport: Conducts water and dissolved minerals unidirectionally (upward from roots to leaves).
   • Function: Provides water transport and structural support due to lignified thick walls.

2. Phloem:

   • Constituent Cells: Consists of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem fibres. Except for phloem fibres, all components are living cells.
   • Direction of Transport: Conducts prepared food (sucrose) bidirectionally (both upward and downward from leaves to other parts).
   • Function: Distributes synthesized nutrients throughout the plant.