MP Board · Class 9 · Science · Improvement in Food ResourcesSolve the numerical problem in Part A and answer the theoretical question in Part B regarding Cattle Farming and Livestock Management: Part A (Numerical):\nA dairy farmer manages a herd of $20$ crossbred cows. Each cow requires $15\text{ kg}$ of roughage and $4\text{ kg}$ of concentrate feed daily. The cost of roughage is ₹$5$ per kg, while concentrate feed costs ₹$25$ per kg. Calculate the total daily feeding cost for the entire herd of $20$ cows. Calculate the total expenditure incurred by the farmer on cattle feed for the entire month of April ($30\text{ days}$). Part B (Theoretical): Differentiate between Milch animals and Draught animals with examples. Explain the main objectives and benefits of cross-breeding exotic cattle breeds (e.g., Jersey, Brown Swiss) with indigenous cattle breeds (e.g., Red Sindhi, Sahiwal). Outline three essential shelter and housing requirements needed to maintain good health and hygienic conditions for cattle.

Part A (Numerical Solution)

Given Data:

• Number of cows in the herd = $20$
• Roughage required per cow per day = $15\text{ kg}$
• Concentrate feed required per cow per day = $4\text{ kg}$
• Cost of roughage = ₹$5\text{ / kg}$
• Cost of concentrate feed = ₹$25\text{ / kg}$
• Number of days in April = $30\text{ days}$

--- launch calculations ---

1. Daily feeding cost for the entire herd:

• Daily roughage cost per cow = $15\text{ kg} \times \text{₹}5/\text{kg} = \text{₹}75$
• Daily concentrate cost per cow = $4\text{ kg} \times \text{₹}25/\text{kg} = \text{₹}100$
• Total daily feed cost per cow = $\text{₹}75 + \text{₹}100 = \text{₹}175$ \nTotal daily feed cost for $20$ cows: $$\text{Daily Cost} = 20 \times \text{₹}175 = \text{₹}3,500$$

2. Total feed expenditure for the month of April ($30\text{ days}$): $$\text{Total Expenditure} = \text{Daily Cost} \times 30$$ $$\text{Total Expenditure} = \text{₹}3,500 \times 30 = \text{₹}1,05,000$$

Part B (Theoretical Answer)

1. Difference Between Milch Animals and Draught Animals

• Milch Animals (Milk-producing females): These are female cattle kept primarily for milk production. Examples include cows (Bos indicus) and buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Their lactation period determines the volume of milk produced.
• Draught Animals (Work animals): These are male animals used for agricultural labor such as plowing fields, irrigation, and hauling carts. Examples include bullocks and male buffaloes. They do not contribute to milk production.

2. Objectives and Benefits of Cross-Breeding Cattle\nCross-breeding involves mating exotic (foreign) breeds with indigenous (local) breeds to combine desirable traits:

• Exotic Breeds (e.g., Jersey, Brown Swiss): Selected for their long lactation period (the duration for which milk is yielded after calf birth).
• Indigenous Breeds (e.g., Red Sindhi, Sahiwal): Selected for their high resistance to tropical diseases, heat tolerance, and local climate adaptability.
• Benefit: Cross-breeding produces progeny that inherit both high milk yield/long lactation periods and strong disease resistance.

3. Essential Housing Requirements for Cattle

• Proper Roofed Shelter: Protects animals from rain, heat, direct sunlight, and extreme cold.
• Sloped and Dry Flooring: Shelter floors should be sloped to allow easy drainage of urinary waste and water, keeping the stall dry and hygiene-friendly.
• Adequate Ventilation and Clean Water: Sheds must be well-ventilated for fresh air circulation and equipped with hygienic drinking water facilities to prevent infections.