MP Board · Class 12 · Biology · Reproductive HealthWhat are Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)? Name any four common STIs and discuss their causative agents, symptoms, and preventive measures.

Introduction to Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)\nInfections or diseases that are transmitted through sexual intercourse are collectively called Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) or Venereal Diseases (VD) or Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs).

Common STIs, Causative Agents, and Symptoms

• 1. Gonorrhoea:
  • Causative Agent: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Bacterium)
  • Symptoms: Burning sensation during urination, pus discharge from the urethra, pelvic pain in females.
• 2. Syphilis:
  • Causative Agent: Treponema pallidum (Bacterium)
  • Symptoms: Painless sores (chancres) on genitals, rash on palms and soles, fever, and fatigue.
• 3. Genital Herpes:
  • Causative Agent: Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
  • Symptoms: Painful fluid-filled blisters and sores on the genitals, rectum, or mouth, accompanied by itching.
• 4. Chlamydiasis:
  • Causative Agent: Chlamydia trachomatis (Bacterium)
  • Symptoms: Unusual vaginal discharge, painful urination, lower abdominal pain, and sometimes asymptomatic.

Preventive Measures

• Avoiding sex with unknown partners or multiple partners.
• Always using condoms during coitus.
• Consulting a qualified doctor for early detection and complete treatment upon noticing any symptoms.
• Practicing personal hygiene and safe sexual habits.