MP Board · Class 12 · Biology · Biodiversity and ConservationDifferentiate between In-situ and Ex-situ conservation methods of biodiversity. Explain any three methods of In-situ conservation used in India. (5 Marks)
Step-by-Step Solution
Biodiversity conservation can be broadly classified into two categories: In-situ conservation (on-site conservation) and Ex-situ conservation (off-site conservation).
Differences Between In-situ and Ex-situ Conservation
| Feature | In-situ Conservation | Ex-situ Conservation |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Conserving the endangered species within their natural habitat. | Conserving threatened species outside their natural habitat in artificially managed settings. |
| Scope | Protects the whole ecosystem along with the target species. | Focuses mainly on individual threatened species or specific breeding pairs. |
| Suitability | Most appropriate and economical method for long-term conservation. | Useful when species are on the verge of extinction and need urgent rescue. |
| Examples | National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves. | Botanical Gardens, Zoological Parks, Cryopreservation, Seed Banks. |
Three Methods of In-situ Conservation in India
1. National Parks
- These are areas reserved for wildlife where they can freely use the habitats and natural resources.
- Private ownership and grazing of domestic animals are strictly prohibited.
- Example: Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand, Kaziranga National Park in Assam.
2. Wildlife Sanctuaries
- These are areas where only protection of animals is given, and certain activities like harvesting of timber, collection of minor forest products, and private ownership rights are allowed as long as they do not harm the wildlife.
- Example: Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary in Rajasthan, Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala.
3. Biosphere Reserves
- These are large areas of protected land meant for the conservation of wildlife, traditional lifestyle of the inhabitants, and genetic diversity.
- A biosphere reserve typically has three zones: Core zone (strictly protected), Buffer zone (limited human activity), and Transition zone (active cooperation with local communities for sustainable development).
- Example: Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve.
💡 Study Guide: This question tests core syllabus concepts from Biodiversity and Conservation. For formulas, key summaries, and mock exam reference guides, read the full Biodiversity and Conservation Revision Notes.