MP Board · Class 10 · Social Science · Geography: Forest and Wildlife ResourcesExplain the different categories of existing plants and animal species as classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Give suitable examples for each.

Classification of Plant and Animal Species by IUCN

\nThe International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) has classified existing plant and animal species into several categories to understand their conservation status. This classification helps governments and organizations prioritize conservation efforts. Below are the main categories along with their definitions and examples:

• Normal Species:

  • Definition: These are species whose population levels are considered to be normal for their survival, such as cattle, sal, pine, and rodents.
  • Characteristics: Their numbers are generally stable and not under any immediate threat of extinction.

• Endangered Species:

  • Definition: These are species which are in danger of extinction. The survival of such species is difficult if the negative factors continue to operate.
  • Examples: Black buck, crocodile, Indian wild ass, Indian rhino, lion tailed macaque, and sangai (brow antlered deer in Manipur).

• Vulnerable Species:

  • Definition: These are species whose population has declined to levels from where it is likely to move into the endangered category in the near future if the negative factors continue to operate.
  • Examples: Blue sheep, Asiatic elephant, Gangetic dolphin, etc.

• Rare Species:

  • Definition: Species with small populations may move into the endangered or vulnerable category if the negative factors affecting them continue to operate.
  • Examples: Himalayan brown bear, wild Asiatic buffalo, desert fox, and hornbill.

• Endemic Species:

  • Definition: These are species which are only found in some particular areas usually isolated by natural or geographical barriers.
  • Examples: Andaman teal, Nicobar pigeon, Andaman wild pig, mithun in Arunachal Pradesh.

• Extinct Species:

  • Definition: These are species which are not found after searches of known or likely areas where they may occur. A species may be extinct from a local area, region, country, continent or the entire earth.
  • Examples: Asiatic cheetah, pink head duck. \nIn conclusion, understanding these categories is crucial for implementing targeted conservation strategies to protect biodiversity and prevent irreversible loss of flora and fauna.