MP Board · Class 10 · Science · Our EnvironmentWhat are biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes? Differentiate between them with examples. Explain two major methods of waste disposal commonly practiced in modern societies.
Step-by-Step Solution
Definition of Wastes
- Biodegradable Wastes: Substances that are broken down into simpler, harmless substances by biological processes, specifically through the action of biological agents like bacteria and fungi over a short period of time, are called biodegradable wastes. Examples include fruit and vegetable peels, paper, wood, and cow dung.
- Non-Biodegradable Wastes: Substances that are not broken down by biological processes and remain in the environment for a very long time without changing their form are called non-biodegradable wastes. Examples include plastics, glass, synthetic fibers, and heavy metal wastes.
Difference Between Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable Wastes
| Feature | Biodegradable Wastes | Non-Biodegradable Wastes |
|---|---|---|
| Decomposition | Decomposed easily by microorganisms. | Cannot be decomposed by microorganisms. |
| Persistence | Do not persist long in the environment. | Persist in the environment for decades or centuries. |
| Recycling Potential | Can be converted into compost or biogas. | Can be recycled into new products or burnt safely. |
| Environmental Impact | Generally eco-friendly if disposed properly. | Causes serious land, water, and air pollution. |
Methods of Waste Disposal
- Composting and Vermicomposting: Biodegradable waste like kitchen scraps, leaves, and organic garden waste are dumped into compost pits where microorganisms and earthworms break them down. This converts the waste into nutrient-rich organic manure, which is excellent for agriculture and gardening.
- Recycling and Incineration: Non-biodegradable wastes like paper, plastic, and metal are segregated and sent to recycling plants to create new products. For hazardous medical or non-recyclable wastes, incineration is used, where waste is burned at very high temperatures in specially designed furnaces to reduce its volume and destroy pathogens.
💡 Study Guide: This question tests core syllabus concepts from Our Environment. For formulas, key summaries, and mock exam reference guides, read the full Our Environment Revision Notes.