MP Board · Class 10 · Science · Metals and Non-metalsWhat is the thermite reaction? Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of iron(III) oxide with aluminium. State two practical applications of this reaction.

The thermite reaction is a highly exothermic displacement reaction in which a metal oxide (usually iron(III) oxide) is reduced by aluminium metal. Because an enormous amount of heat is evolved during this chemical process, the metal produced is obtained in the molten (liquid) state.

Balanced Chemical Equation: $$\text{Fe}_2\text{O}_3(\text{s}) + 2\text{Al}( ext{s}) \rightarrow 2\text{Fe}(\text{l}) + \text{Al}_2\text{O}_3(\text{s}) + \text{Heat}$$

In this redox reaction, aluminium acts as a strong reducing agent because it is more reactive than iron, displacing iron from its oxide.

Applications:

1. It is extensively used for joining broken railway tracks on-site by pouring molten iron directly into the gap.
2. It is used to repair cracked machine parts and heavy industrial equipment where conventional welding is difficult.