Question 1

Define the rate of a chemical reaction and explain the difference between average rate and instantaneous rate of a reaction.

Accepted Answer

The rate of a chemical reaction can be defined as the change in concentration of any one of the reactants or products per unit time. Mathematically, it is expressed as the rate of decrease in concentration of reactants or the rate of increase in concentration of products divided by the respective ti

Question 2

Explain the term 'activation energy' and describe how temperature affects the rate of a chemical reaction using the Arrhenius equation.

Accepted Answer

Activation energy ($Ea$) is defined as the minimum extra amount of energy that reactant molecules must possess in order to undergo a chemical reaction and be converted into products. It represents the energy barrier that must be overcome for reactants to transform into products during a collision. \

Question 3

What is meant by the 'order of a reaction'? Differentiate clearly between the order of a reaction and the molecularity of a reaction.

Accepted Answer

The order of a reaction is defined as the sum of the powers of the concentrations of the reactants in the rate law expression of a chemical reaction. It is an experimentally determined quantity and can be zero, fractional, or integer values. 
Differences between Order of a Reaction and Molecularity

Question 4

Explain the collision theory of chemical reaction rates. What are the two main criteria for a successful collision leading to product formation?

Accepted Answer

The collision theory of chemical reactions, proposed by Max Trautz and William Lewis, explains the rate of reactions based on the kinetic theory of gases. According to this theory, reactant molecules are assumed to be hard spheres, and a chemical reaction occurs only when reactant molecules collide

Question 5

Derive the integrated rate equation for a zero-order reaction. Also, define half-life period ($t{1/2}$) for a zero-order reaction and show that it is directly proportional to the initial concentration

Accepted Answer

Derivation of Integrated Rate Equation for a Zero-Order Reaction 
A zero-order reaction is one whose rate is independent of the concentration of the reactants. 
Let us consider a general zero-order reaction: $$R ightarrow 	ext{Products}$$ Rate Expression:
The rate of the reaction can be writte

Chemical Kinetics