CBSE · Class 10 · Social Science · Geography: Minerals and Energy ResourcesExplain the classification of minerals on the basis of their composition. Give examples of each type.

Classification of Minerals based on Composition

\nMin-erals are naturally occurring substances with a definite internal structure. They are an indispensable part of our lives. Based on their composition, minerals are classified into two major categories: Metallic and Non-Metallic. Each of these categories is further sub-divided into specific groups to understand their economic and industrial utility.

1. Metallic Minerals\nMetallic minerals are those minerals from which metals can be extracted. They are generally hard, have a shine or luster, and are good conductors of heat and electricity. Metallic minerals are further divided into:

• Ferrous Minerals: These contain iron. Iron ore, manganese, nickel, and cobalt are prime examples. Ferrous minerals form the backbone of metallurgical industries and provide a strong base for the development of machine tools and heavy machinery.
• Non-Ferrous Minerals: These do not contain iron. Examples include copper, lead, tin, and bauxite. Non-ferrous minerals play a vital role in engineering, electrical, and chemical industries due to their high malleability, ductility, and resistance to corrosion.
• Precious Minerals: These are rare, highly valuable, and sought-after minerals such as gold, silver, and platinum. They are primarily used in jewelry making, high-end electronics, and as financial reserves.

2. Non-Metallic Minerals\nNon-metallic minerals do not contain extractable metals. They are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity and lack metallic luster. They can be further classified into:

• Minerals containing organic origin (Fossil fuels): Examples include coal, petroleum, and natural gas. These are derived from the buried remains of plants and animals and are crucial for energy generation and chemical industries.
• Minerals of inorganic origin: Examples include mica, limestone, salt, potash, and gypsum. Mica is extensively used in electric and electronic industries due to its excellent dielectric strength, while limestone is the primary raw material for the cement industry. \nIn conclusion, the diverse composition of minerals dictates their varied applications across diverse industrial sectors, making their judicious exploitation essential for sustainable development.