CBSE · Class 10 · Science · Magnetic Effects of Electric CurrentDefine Electromagnetic Induction. Explain Faraday's experiments related to electromagnetic induction with proper headings. Also, mention the rule used to determine the direction of induced current.

Definition of Electromagnetic Induction\nThe phenomenon of producing an induced electric current in a closed circuit by changing the magnetic flux linked with the circuit is called Electromagnetic Induction. It was discovered by Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry.

Faraday's Experiments on Electromagnetic Induction\nFaraday performed several groundbreaking experiments to demonstrate how a changing magnetic field can produce an electric current in a circuit.

1. Experiment 1: Moving a Magnet towards a Coil

   • A coil ($コイル$) connected to a sensitive galvanometer is taken.
   • When a bar magnet is moved towards the coil with its North pole facing the coil, the galvanometer needle shows a momentary deflection. This indicates that an electric current is induced in the coil.
   • When the magnet is pulled away, the galvanometer deflects in the opposite direction, indicating that the current's direction has reversed.

2. Experiment 2: Moving a Coil towards a Magnet

   • In this setup, the magnet is held stationary while the coil is moved towards or away from the magnet.
   • The galvanometer again shows a deflection, proving that relative motion between the coil and the magnet is what induces the current.

3. Experiment 3: Changing Current in a Neighboring Coil (Mutual Induction)

   • Two coils, primary and secondary, are placed close to each other.
   • When the current in the primary coil is switched on or off (or varied), the magnetic field linked with the secondary coil changes.
   • This sudden change in magnetic field induces a temporary current in the secondary coil, as registered by the galvanometer.

Rule for Direction of Induced Current\nThe direction of the induced current is determined by Fleming's Right-Hand Rule.

• Statement: Stretch the thumb, forefinger, and middle finger of your right hand at right angles to each other. If the forefinger points in the direction of the magnetic field and the thumb points in the direction of motion of the conductor, then the middle finger will point in the direction of the induced current.