CBSE · Class 10 · Science · Life ProcessesDescribe the structural and functional role of nephrons in human kidneys.

Nephrons are recognized universally as the fundamental structural and functional filtration units of the human excretory system, specifically located inside the kidneys. Structurally, each nephron consists of a cup-shaped Bowman's capsule enclosing a dense network of capillaries called the glomerulus, followed by a long tubular region. Functionally, nephrons work continuously by filtering nitrogenous waste products like urea and uric acid, excess water, and mineral salts from the blood under high pressure within the glomerulus, subsequently reabsorbing essential nutrients and water selectively into the bloodstream, ultimately forming and excreting urine safely.