CBSE · Class 10 · Science · Acids, Bases and SaltsExplain the process of neutralization of an acid by a base. How does the pH of the solution change during this process?

Neutralization of an Acid by a Base

Introduction

Neutralization is the process by which an acid reacts with a base to form a salt and water. This process is also known as acid-base reaction. In this answer, we will explain the process of neutralization of an acid by a base and how the pH of the solution changes during this process.

Reaction

The reaction between an acid and a base can be represented by the following equation:

H+ (acid) + OH- (base) → H2O (water) + Salt

In this reaction, the acid donates a proton (H+ ion) to the base, which accepts the proton to form water and a salt. The pH of the solution changes during this process as follows:

• Before Neutralization: The pH of the acid is less than 7, indicating that it is acidic in nature.
• During Neutralization: As the acid reacts with the base, the pH of the solution increases, indicating that the solution is becoming less acidic and more basic.
• After Neutralization: The pH of the solution is greater than 7, indicating that the solution is basic in nature.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the process of neutralization of an acid by a base involves the reaction of the acid with the base to form a salt and water. The pH of the solution changes during this process, becoming less acidic and more basic as the reaction proceeds.